by Linda Lee Graham | Life in the 18th Century, Voices Echo
The Jamaican Duppy African in origin, the word duppy has two meanings in Jamaican spirit lore. The first refers to a soul, which may manifest in either human form or animal form. The second meaning evolves from the first and references a supernatural race of...
by Linda Lee Graham | Life in the 18th Century, Slide, Voices Echo
Soldier of the Black Watch c.1740, colorized {{PD-US}} When Malcolm McPherson joined the Black Watch in 1735, he and his fellow enlistees “thought themselves destined to serve exclusively . . . in the Highlands.”1 They had no expectation they’d do duty in...
by Linda Lee Graham | Life in the 18th Century, Slide, Voices Echo
Pimento, a spice more widely known as “allspice,” is harvested from the berries of the Pimenta dioica, a W. Indian tree commonly found on Jamaica’s north coast. It’s not the Spanish red pepper, though its name is derivative of the Spanish pepper (pimiento)...
by Linda Lee Graham | Life in the 18th Century, Voices Echo
A perspective on the disturbing pseudoscience behind the colonial obsession with cataloging complexions and “refining” racial mixes in 18th century West Indies.
by Linda Lee Graham | Life in the 18th Century, Slide, Voices Echo
In eighteenth-century Jamaica, a creole was a nonindigenous person born on the island, whether of European, African, or mixed descent. Those referenced in the expression “as rich as a creole,” however, were invariably of European descent. The phrase is a variant of...
by Linda Lee Graham | Life in the 18th Century, Slide, Voices Echo
I did a double take when I saw this work hanging in a Montego Bay exhibit last year. Admittedly, my interest was more than casual. I was writing Voices Echo at the time and visiting Jamaica to flesh out my research. Many of the images in the collage echoed...